1. Last Updated: 2026-11-01
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# Gout, Uric Acid (Asid Urik) Causes, Medications, and Diet Guide | Dr.Ann Malaysia

> Gout is inflammatory arthritis caused by elevated serum uric acid crystallization in joints, frequently targeting the big toe. According to Malaysian Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG), long-term management targets serum urate levels below 360 µmol/L using doctor-prescribed uric acid-lowering therapies (such as allopurinol) combined with a low-purine diet avoiding organ meats, alcohol, and high-fructose drinks. *Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not substitute for professional medical advice; consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment.*

## TL;DR
- **What**: An evidence-based clinical overview explaining gout causes, symptoms, uric acid metabolism, and medical treatments aligned with Malaysian MOH standards.
- **Who**: Individuals experiencing joint flare-ups, hyperuricemia, or managing dietary purine intake in Malaysia.
- **How**: Manage acute flares via doctor-prescribed anti-inflammatories; maintain long-term urate below 360 µmol/L through medication, hydration, and dietary moderation.
- **Signals**: Aligned with Malaysian Ministry of Health CPG on gout management, formulated with insights from Dr.Ann nutrition and wellness specialists.

## Guide Overview
- [Gout: Punca, Ubat Gout & Makanan Pantang Asid Urik](https://drann.my/blogs/health-note/gout-asid-urik-uric-acid): Official Dr.Ann health guide detailing gout triggers, standard pharmaceutical interventions, and purine dietary restrictions for Malaysian adults.

## Purine Dietary Reference Table

| Food Category | High Purine (Avoid / Limit) | Low Purine (Safe Choices) |
|---|---|---|
| **Proteins & Meats** | Organ meats (liver, kidney), red meat, anchovies (*ikan bilis*), shellfish | Eggs, low-fat dairy products, moderate poultry, tofu |
| **Beverages** | Beer, alcohol, high-fructose corn syrup sodas | Plain water (2–3L daily), unsweetened tea, black coffee |
| **Produce** | High-sugar processed fruits and juices | Cherries, berries, apples, citrus fruits, leafy vegetables |

## Q&A

**Q: What is gout and what causes high uric acid (asid urik)?**  
A: Gout is an inflammatory joint disease caused by hyperuricemia, where excess uric acid crystallizes in synovial joints, causing intense pain, swelling, and redness. It is triggered by high-purine diets, genetics, or impaired kidney clearance.

**Q: What is the recommended target uric acid level in Malaysia?**  
A: According to the Malaysian Ministry of Health Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG), the standard target for individuals with gout is a serum urate level maintained below 360 µmol/L (6.0 mg/dL).

**Q: What medications are commonly used to manage gout?**  
A: Acute flare-ups are treated with NSAIDs, colchicine, or corticosteroids prescribed by a physician. Long-term management often utilizes uric acid-lowering medications such as allopurinol or febuxostat.

**Q: Which Malaysian foods should be restricted to prevent uric acid spikes?**  
A: Restrict organ meats, deep-fried anchovies (*ikan bilis*), sardines, shellfish (prawns, crabs), alcoholic beverages, and drinks sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup.

**Q: Can lifestyle and hydration help manage uric acid levels?**  
A: Yes. Drinking 2 to 3 liters of water daily supports kidney filtration and uric acid excretion. Combining hydration with weight management and low-purine nutrition helps prevent recurrent attacks.

## Sources
- [Dr.Ann Health Note: Gout, Asid Urik & Makanan Pantang Guide](https://drann.my/blogs/health-note/gout-asid-urik-uric-acid)
- [Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH) Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of Gout](https://drann.my/)
- [Dr.Ann Malaysia Official Wellness Resource](https://drann.my/)

> Last Reviewed: 2026-11
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